A sociological term coined by M.N. Srinivas to describe change and fluidity in the customary caste system of India. This may be described as a manner in which the practices, customs, and the way of life of higher castes, especially the Brahmins become adapted by the lower castes or tribes as a means of improving their lives socially. This mimicry allows vertical mobility that does not threaten the caste system in any way. Sanskritization is not only applied to caste groups but also to tribal society. It has a central part in changing cultures and social values.

Key Points for RAS Mains

Definition of Sanskritization

• It was named by Prof. M.N. Srinivas used it initially in his work, Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India.
• Initially it was called Brahminization, later expanded and renamed Sanskritization.
• Definition: Sanskritization comes as a process through which any lower caste or a tribe or any other group of people alter their customs, rituals, ideology and mode of livelihood towards higher or more frequently known as twice born caste.

The features of Sanskritization

• Imitative Process:
  • In order to become socially advanced, lower castes copy the style of life and rituals of upper ones.
  • Out of the desire to get rid of religious, economic, or social disabilities.
• Cultural Change:
  • Acceptance of the cultures of castes of twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas).
  • Certain groups also mimic non-Brahmin castes that dominated the locals.
• Social Mobility Enabler:
  • A social mobility system in the caste system.
  • Does nothing to the caste structure, but position within the structure.
• Common Among Tribals As Well:
  • Another reason which makes tribes Sanskritize is their desire to be accepted socially within the Hindu society
• De-Sanskritization Emerge:
  • Nowadays, lower caste behaviours are replicated by higher caste, e.g., Brahmins drinking meat or alcohol.
• This process of reverse is called De-Sanskritization.

Consequences of Sanskritization

• 1. Social Field:
  • Improves the position of lower caste in caste hierarchy.
  • Amplifies dignity and self-confidence in communities that have been marginalized.
• 2. Economic Field:
  • Quitting impure jobs in favor of clean and decent jobs.
  • Representative of upgrading economically and being recognized by society.
• 3. Religious Field:
  • Embracement of Brahminical religious emblems (e.g. sacred thread).
  • They will engage in such activities as Aarti, Bhajan, temple visiting.
  • Religious specialization of ceremonies.
• 4. Living Patterns:
  • Pucca house building, clean environment.
  • Wearing the clothes of an upper-caste and increasing hygiene.
  • Equal dealing at par e.g., sitting on cots with higher castes.

Conclusion for RPSC

Sanskritization is a non-revolutionary means of social change within Indian society. It has allowed the entrant of the lower castes into the strata in an upward direction without eliminating the caste system. The critics say that on the contrary, it increases the caste hierarchy instead of breaking it.

Also Read: Communalism in India